This article was written by Julia Lohmann, Associate Professor in Contemporary Design at Aalto University. Julia is also a member of the TIDAL ArtS Consortium.  Connect with Julia on LinkedIn. 

Coral reefs are facing unprecedented threats, from ocean acidification and pollution to destructive fishing and, critically, coral bleaching driven by climate change. Around the world, communities are responding by creating coral nurseries: underwater farms that grow and restore damaged reef systems. While these initiatives have made meaningful strides, many of them face practical challenges, especially in areas with limited resources.

Enter MARS (Modular Artificial Reef Structure), a visionary project reimagining coral restoration through smart, sustainable design. MARS introduces a modular 3D lattice system that functions like an underwater LEGO set. It’s lightweight, flexible, and deployable from small boats without heavy machinery. Divers can easily assemble the lattice on-site, tailoring it to meet specific restoration goals.

Each unit of the MARS system is crafted with specially designed surfaces that encourage coral growth. These structures, made by 3D printing and slip-casting ceramic, provide the ideal texture for juvenile coral to attach and thrive. Once in place, the hollow forms are filled with marine concrete and reinforced with steel, creating durable, long-term habitats that not only foster coral recovery but also protect and support other marine life.

The MARS team is testing the system’s versatility across different environments and exploring ways to reduce the environmental footprint of the materials used. Their work exemplifies how creative, adaptive thinking can merge with science to drive powerful solutions for ocean restoration.

Read more about the project at Reef Design Lab: https://www.reefdesignlab.com/mars